Muscle Activity of Backward Walking

Activity patterns and timing of muscle activity in the forward walking and 4 backward walking stick insect

34 Understanding how animals control locomotion in different behaviors requires understanding 35 both the kinematics of leg movements and the neural activity underlying these movements. 36 Stick insect leg kinematics differ in forward and backward walking. Describing leg muscle 37 activity in these behaviors is a first step towards understanding the neuronal basis for these 38 differences. 39 4...

Activity patterns and timing of muscle activity in the forward walking and backward walking stick insect Carausius morosus.

Understanding how animals control locomotion in different behaviors requires understanding both the kinematics of leg movements and the neural activity underlying these movements. Stick insect leg kinematics differ in forward and backward walking. Describing leg muscle activity in these behaviors is a first step toward understanding the neuronal basis for these differences. We report here the p...

Muscle fascicle strains in human gastrocnemius during backward downhill walking.

Extensive muscle damage can be induced in isolated muscle preparations by performing a small number of stretches during muscle activation. While typically these fiber strains are large and occur over long lengths, the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) observed in humans is normally less even when multiple high-force lengthening actions are performed. This apparent discrepancy may ...

Backward walking in Parkinson's disease.

We walk backward on a daily basis, such as when backing away from the kitchen sink or stepping back from a curb as a swiftly moving bus passes. This task may be particularly difficult for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) who often fall as a result of moving or being perturbed in the backward direction. The aim of this study was to assess backward walking (BW) in individuals with PD. Bo...

A comparative evaluation of the effects of incline on kinematics and muscle function during backward walking